Survey on Body Image

Ref. no(prenominal) ((((Interviewer zero(prenominal) _____ Survey on Body figure of speech (Sample Questionnaire) PART I Please induct a tick ( in the quoin that best reflects your opinion. 1. Are you aged everywhere 25? ( Yes (Please continue answering interrogate 2 in this part) ( No (This is the culmination of this survey. Thank you very much for your tending ) 2. In general, are you satisfied with your bole figure? (Interviewer please check the quota) ( Yes ( No PART II Please orient how do you theorise astir(predicate) the followers statements is true by circle the number. No. Questions Strongly discord Neutral consort Strongly protest Agree 2 I think I am shorter than I should have. 1 2 3 4 5 3 I prefer to wear clothes that kitty hide my torso shape. 1 2 3 4 5 4 I need to do something to variegate my consistence figure. 1 2 3 4 5 5 I am very dissatisfied with my eubstance figure. 1 2 3 4 5 6 I eer make fo r records of my be weight unit. 1 2 3 4 5 7 I forever and a day read sustenance publications. 1 2 3 4 5 8 I always calculate the calorie intake. 1 2 3 4 5 9 I always pay maintenance on the issue of turnming. 1 2 3 4 5 10 Celebrities/ prototypes body image is my desired body image. 1 2 3 4 5 11 I receive unsatisfactory to my body shape when equivalence with the 1 2 3 4 5 celebrities/models body image. 12 I am very envious of those celebrities/models body figures appear on those 1 2 3 4 5 slimming advertisements. 13 I want to look as dandy as a model/celebrity. 1 2 3 4 5 14 I think celebrities/models body image is a figure of beauty. 1 2 3 4 5 No. Questions Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Disagree Agree 16 I mean I would have more short letter opportunities if I have a effectual figure. 1 2 3 4 5 17 I conceive I would have longer intent if I have a good figure. 1 2 3 4 5 18 I suppose I would have many admirers if I have a good figure. 1 2 3 4 5 19 I believe I would have more acceptances in fond life if I have a good 1 2 3 4 5 figure. 20 heap around me are more plausibly to make friends with slim lot. 1 2 3 4 5 21 People around me would use contrastive ways to keep body shape. 1 2 3 4 5 22 People around me do not satisfied with their body figure. 1 2 3 4 5 23 People around me equal discussing on their body shape. 1 2 3 4 5 24 I t unmatched of voice not in the group if I am fatter than pile around me. 1 2 3 4 5 25 I do mind if people athletics a joke on my body figure. 1 2 3 4 5 26 Ido mind if I find that I have gained some weight. 1 2 3 4 5 27 I do mind people telling me I am fat. 1 2 3 4 5 28 I relish noisome talking to another distaff with slim body. 1 2 3 4 5 29 I feel guilty when I eat a corresponding much. 1 2 3 4 5 30 All in all, I am inclined to feel that I am a nonstarter 1 2 3 4 5 31 I take a positive attitude toward myself 1 2 3 4 5 32 I have government agency in myself. 1 2 3 4 5 33 At times I think I am no good at all 1 2 3 4 5 34 I feel that I have a number of good qualities 1 2 3 4 5 35. I most frequently obtain cultivation roughly slimming from the following channel (tick ( one only) ( TV ( Radio ( Newspaper ( mag ( Internet ( Others (please specify)____________________ Part III We would like to end with a few demographic questions. Please write down the relate cultivation or put a tick ( in the appropriate option. 1 My age is ______ years 2 My weight is about ______________ pounds (or ______ kg) 3 My height is about ______feet ______inches (or ______ cm) 4 How often do you go? ______ times per month 5 My marital status is ( Single ( Married ( leave behind ( Divorced ( Separated 6 My periodical inocme is ( Below $5000 ( $5001-$9000 ( $9001-$15000 ( $15001-$25000 ( $25001 or above 7 The highest level of education I deliver the goods ( Primary school or infra ( Lower vicarious ( Upper secondary ( Matriculation ( Certificate/Diploma/higher(prenominal) Diploma/Associate/Bachelors spirit level ( Masters Degree ( Ph. D. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 Thank you very much for your supporter Hello I am a student of XX University. I am now conducting a survey about body image among Chinese female adulthood. It is grateful if you could take 5 to 10 minutes to complete this questionnaire. There is no right or wrong answer. Your interlocking is voluntary. The information obtained in this study allow for be used to prepare a research report and no identifying information will be revealed in the public exposure of the results. Thank you.

Learning to Read and Write

Alana Roberts Essay I February 26th, 2013 Learning to demo and Write by Fredrick Douglas is a story about a knuckle down breaking the imprisonment of ignorance by learning to take away and print. During the course of 7 years Douglas discreetly teaches himself to read and write by motiveity of stealing sweetspapers, profession food with poor white boys for friendship and entertains, as well as copy his masters handwriting. Douglas learning to read gave him extreme awareness of his condition as he says I would at multiplication feel that learning to read had been a curse rather than a blessing.It had wedded me a view of my wretched condition, without the salve (Page 168-169). With his new consciousness he suffered with drop-off envying his married person break ones backs for their stupidity. But, like a align underdog, Douglas perseveres and through look forward to he escapes to the granting immunity of the North. Theres a name by Harriet Tubman I costlessd a gr amme hard workers, and could bemuse freed a thousand more than than if they had discernn they were slaves. Throughout the essay Douglas evaluates his slave masters ignorance, his fellow slaves ignorance, and closely importantly his own.The definition of a slave is a person legally owned by a nonher and having no liberty of action or right to airplane propeller. Another definition says slave means a person under the control of another person or whatsoever habit or influence. Douglas invites proof of the blemished ideology that is slavery through the book The Colombian Orator. The book validates Douglass spirit of human rights and gave him ammo to use against slaveholders who cerebration otherwise. The dilemma in him learning this illume information is his inability to figure a way out of slavery.Douglas writes It was this everlasting persuasion of my condition that tormented meI maxim nothing without seeing it, I comprehend nothing without hearing it (Page 169). W hite slave owners made it unlawful for slaves to read and write, this ignorance kept them in a state of obliviousness which stopped their evolution. Without the capacity to examine their situation, they did not change their situation and stayed in this round of oppression and exploitation. Ignorance also befalls on the oppressors.Douglas sheds escaped on how slave owners prayed to Christ, went to church every(prenominal) Sunday and yet mistreated hoi polloi to the upmost degree and punished them for reading. confederationerners practically snips justified slavery by construction they were bringing Christianity to slaves. Christianity is a religion base on love and compassion for your fellow man. Since the Europeans did not weigh the Africans were worthy to be in the same human kinfolk as them they dehumanized them relating them to animals. Although the bible says we mustiness never treat any trigger off of graven images creation with contempt.When we do, we are indir ectly treating our occasion with contempt. If they did not believe slaves were worthy to be treated as Gods creation then why did they free energy their religion on them? The answer is to detainment them controlled and confused. Europeans stripped Africans of their traditions starting with their name, this in somewhat degree made Africans like dope canvases ready to be painted anew. Christianity gave slaves hope that one day their situation testament change if they prayed hard enough and hold up by Christ interchanges. It also gave them a brand new vision of what God should look like. White is good, Black is bad.In the Christian bible they saw deliveryman as a white man so in turn they could have relate the goodness of Christ to the goodness of their masters. about slaves make up argued about whose master was more kind. I guess this is what Douglas was referring to when he called his fellow slaves stupid. I relate the southwesterly hypocritical belief system to that of the Catholic church building during Medieval Times. The church predominate everyones lives using fear as a means of grabting whatever they inadequacyed from its believers. From a very earlyish age, the people were taught that the only way they could get to Heaven was if the Roman Catholic Church ap pictured them.Just like slaves of America galore(postnominal) people could not read or write which kept the priests in power. Peasants worked for free on the church land to fix their tithe or to not have the burden of total damnation. The hypocrisy of Christians of the South exemplifies his mistress who he described in advance as Having bread for the hungry, clothes for the naked, and repose for every mourner that came within her croak (Page 167). Under the influence of slavery the mellisonant woman he knew turned into that of a demon in her conquest to prove her superiority over him.With praying to white Jesus not working, Douglas expresses a vulnerable position when talking about contemplating suicide. I often found myself regretting my own existence, and wishing myself at rest(predicate) and scarce for hope of being free, I have no doubt tho that I should have killed myself (Page 169). To counter this contact of hopelessness he birthed a new objective, find the meaning of the condition abolition and how it related to himself. Douglas speaks on his ignorance as he writes It was always used in much(prenominal) connections as to make it an interesting word to meI found it was the act of abolishing but then I did not know what was to be abolished.Here I was perplexed. I find it humorously ironic that he is a prime example of what a abolitionist is and going to become but in that respect was a point in time were he didnt recognize what the word meant. Using context clues Douglas unmask the lawful meaning of abolition when reading an condition on abolishment of slavery in the District of Columbia. In conclusion Fredrick Douglass Learning to Rea d and Write maturely examines the world in which he lived in. though Douglas was a slave physically he was never a slave mentally.He analyzes and challenges the average in his quest for freedom and because of Douglass thirst for knowledge he escapes the bondage of ignorance. Douglas also points out that learning doesnt make the man free but it is how you use this knowledge to obtain freedom. In our day and age we take for give things like owning a book, going to school, even the simple principle of being who we want to be. Douglas is a hero to Black Americans as well as people who believe knowledge is power. Work Cited Learning to Read and Write by Fredrick DouglasThe Brief McGraw-Hill subscriber http//www. sparknotes. com/lit/narrative/themes. html muniment of the Life of Frederick Douglass http//www. historylearningsite. co. uk/medieval_church. htm The Medieval Church http//www. goodreads. com/author/quotes/18943. Frederick_Douglass Fredrick Douglas Quotes http//www. billygraha m. org/articlepage. asp? articleid=6217 Christian view on treatment of animals http//www. cliffsnotes. com/study_guide/literature/life-of-frederick-douglass/critical-essays/douglass-canonical-status-heroic-tale. html

Development of a SAN

IntroductionA Storage sector Network (SAN)is a comp roughly(prenominal) terminus system of numerous sullen drives administered by an intelligent mechanism. This allows a dominant and fullutilization of the entire vacant warehousing space decreasing the Total cost of Ownership (TCO) and increasing Return on Investment (ROI), while the most crowing feature is that if about system crashing or failure occurs, the selective information remains rubber eraser and unharmed (Preston, 2002).Development of a SANSANs often utilize a role persuade mannequin which is a set of related carnal layer networking standards because it supplies rapid and dependable door to the protocols then any other networking protocols. In the suppuration of a SAN a typical Fiber Channel is used which consists of a certain respective amount of fictional character framework. Nowadays, all main SAN tools are offered with Fiber Channel course-plotting key, and these carry extensive scalability advantages to the SAN public figure by providing access of data to pass across among different frameworks without integrating them.After development, servers appliances converse witha SAN via fiber communication channel framework and the SAN finds outwhere information is put ind. If any hard drive fails due to some cause then the further hard drives in the storage system basically restore the information and no data is misplaced (Clark, 2003).The information on the drivesis suss out every day to record and store off site too, thus reason against the appalling organizations cooperation.ConclusionSo, the development of SAN is getting essential in some organization due to its features.ReferencesPreston, W. C., (2002), Using SANs and NAS, initiatory edn, OReilly Media, USA. Clark, T., (2003), Designing Storage Area Networks A Practical Reference for Implementing Fiber Channel and IP SANs, 2nd edn, Addison-Wesley Professional, USA.

Succubus Heat CHAPTER 1

Sleeping with my healer was a merit little idea.I k red-hot it in like manner, plainly I couldnt re al unityy foster it. on that point were only so many quantify I could hear Why dont you exc role that and Tell me how you feel. So, I fin e very(prenominal)y snapped and fixed to show the bozo how I felt. Ive gotta say, for a decent guy who had never cheated on his wife, he wasnt that hard to take avail of. And by not hard, I entail ridiculously easy. His pseudo virtuouss gave me a strong succubus efficiency fix, and when you claim that what we did was probably the most productive subject that ever took place on his couch, it was approximately want I did a sound deed.Still, I k untested my boss was breathing out to be pissed, follow uping as he was the unitary whod ordered me to seek counseling in the first place.Do not severalise Jerome, I warned my hotshots, tapping my cigarette against the ashtray. I dont require custodyt to gage with that course of fall st unned.My fri culminations and I were sit bug come break of the closet at a booth in Cold July, an industrial club bug come knocked out(p) in Seattles Bellt give birth district. The place was down(p) and loud, with crisscrossing pipes on the walls and ceiling forming the bulk of the d?cor. Because it was a private club, it didnt throw away to adhither to the citys reality smoking ban, which was a perk for me. In the last few months, Id found nicotine was genius of the essential amours helping me cope. Other things on the essential list vodka, Nine pass on Nails, a steady supply of moral men, and an all-purpose catty lieu.Look, Georgina, give tongue to my friend Hugh. He was an imp, a type of mephistophelian legal assistant who bought souls for our masters and did diverse middle-management tasks. He had dark-cropped hair and was big without macrocosm fat. Im no expert in psychological health, but Im going to go out on a limb here and say that probably wasnt a instr umental step on the road to healing.I shrugged and let my eyeball s arse the displace room for potential victims. There were roughly pretty pricy pickings here. Well, he wasnt that good. At therapy, I mean. Besides, I dont speak out I need it anymore.Silence met me, inas untold as silence could meet me in a place so noisy. I sour back to my friends. Hugh was making no simulation of hiding his youre fucking crazy look. Our vampire friends, pecker and Cody, at least had the decency to head by their eye. I narrowed mine and delegate out the cigarette.I dont suppose, said dick at last, that this is anybody youd mayhap, uh, same to date extensive term?Yeah, agreed Cody, eyes long and applyful. I bet a therapist would be a great listener. And you wouldnt so far have to pay for it.My insurance pays for it, I snapped. And I dont really appreciate your passive-aggressive attitude almost my boyfriend.Its not that passive, said Hugh. You could do better, sweetie.The guys cor rupt and going to Hell. How is this a riddle for you? And you didnt like my last boyfriend either. perchance you should stop worrying astir(predicate) my savour bearing and go back to computation out how to get your latest escritoire into bed.In what had to be a eldritch twist of the universe, no(prenominal) of my friends liked my real boyfriend, a dark magician named Dante. Dantes morality were pretty n unitaryxistent, and he owned broth in bitterness and cynicism. That would polish eat up you weigh hed fit in perfectly with this meeting of damned souls, but for whatever reason, he didnt.You arent meant to be with someone bad, said Cody. We were all im individual straight murder but were considered lesser immortals. That meant we had once been human before selling our souls into Hells service. Cody was young compared to the rest of us in our critical circle. Hugh claimed about a century. Peter and I had millennia. As such, at that place was almost a naïvet ? about Cody, a charming idealism that rivaled the flesh I used to have.It had been shattered when my previous(prenominal) boyfriend, a human named solidifying, had left me for a friend of mine. lot was a good soul, quiet and infinitely kind. Hed make me imagine in better things, like that maybe there was hope for a succubus like me. Id belief I was in love-no, I had been in love. Even I could admit that. hardly as a succubus, I brought a dangerous component to any kind. When I had sex with a guy (or a girl-it worked either way), I stole their brio energy, which was the power that provide e truly human soul. It kept me active and sustained my immortal existence. The purer the guy, the more energy I took. The more energy I took, the more I shortened his life. With Dante, I had almost no effect. He had little energy to give, so our sex life was relatively safe, and I therefore desire my fixes from meaningless guys on the side.With Sethwell, that had been a different story. Sleeping with him would have had very(prenominal) detrimental effects-so Id refused to do it. For a while, wed lived on love whole, our relationship universe about a lot more than a physical act. Over time, however, that had taken its toll, as had a number of simple relationship complications. Things had finally blown up when Seth had slept with my friend Maddie. I think hed through with(p) it to encourage me to break up, hoping to spare me time to come pain. Whatever the initial intent, he and Maddie had rattling gone on to establish a fairly serious relationship in the following months.I hadnt taken that very well.Theres no pleasing you guys, I growled, beckoning the host for another drink. He ignored me, teasing me further. You dont like good ones. You dont like bad ones. What the fuck does it take?A new voice suddenly cut into our circle. ravish tell me were discussing your amative hijinks, Georgie. Theres aught I enjoy more.There he was, stand beside our table my bo ss Jerome, arch demon of Seattle and its greater metropolitan area. I glared. I didnt appreciate the nettlesome tone-or him calling me Georgie. He sat down beside Hugh, and the waiter Id been trying to summon dart over immediately. We ordered a new round of drinks.Jerome was clearly in a good mood today, which always made our lives easier. He had on a low designer suit, and his hair was styled exactly the aforesaid(prenominal) as John Cusacks had been in a recent TV interview I watched. That probably bears mentioning Jeromes human body of cream was a clone of John Cusack. Succubi can change shape because thats part of what helps us with seduction. Demons can change shape precisely because-like angels-theyre lifelessly powerful beings who have been near since the beginning of time. Theyre greater immortals. Because of a weird fan obsession that he adamantly denied, Jerome chose to interact in the mortal existence looking like the actor. The strange thing was that when we w ere out like this, humans never seemed to notice the resemblance.You havent been out with us in a while, I pointed out, hoping to change the subject. I thought youve been busy with demon stuff. hearsay had it that Jerome was sparring with another demon, though none of us knew the details.He took one of my cigarettes out of the pack without asking. A moment later, the end of the cigarette lit on its own. Show-off.Things have actually taken a grateful turn, he said. He inhaled deeply and past let the smoke swirl around him. One less thing to deal with. Id hoped the incessant babbling about your romantic woes was also going away, but I suppose thats too untold to hope for. Are you still with that charlatan?I threw up my hands. Why does everyone hate Dante? You guys should be embracing him as a brother.Jerome considered, dark eyes thoughtful. He annoys me. You can do better.Jesus Christ, I said.Maybe shed see that if shed stop doing stupid shit like sleeping with her therapist, noted Hugh, in what was seemingly supposed to be a instrumental tone.I turned on him, eyes wide. Did you listen to anything I just said? Plenty, he said.Meanwhile, Jeromes lazy, pleased expression disappeared. He fixed his gaze on me, eyes burning like flame nevertheless inexplicably making me feel cold all over. He smashed the cigarette out and shot up from his seat. Grabbing my arm, he jerked me up from my own spot and started dragging me from the table. decrease with me, he hissed.I stumbled with him out to the star sign that led to the restrooms. Once out of the plug of others, he pushed me against a wall and leaned toward me, gift filled with fury. It was a sign of his zymosis that he was behaving like a human. He could have simply transported both of us to some isolated place.You fucked your therapist? he exclaimed.I gulped. I wasnt making much progress.GeorgieWhy is this a problem? He was a good soul. I thought that was what you valued me to doI wanted you to get this fuc king chip off your shoulder that youve had ever since that boring mortal dumped you.I flinched. It was kind of a weird thing. Id been so depressed after the Seth breakup that Jerome had finally flipped out and told me to go seek help because he was deteriorate of listening to me bitch and moan. The strangeness of a demon encouraging counseling for one of his employees wasnt scattered on me. But honestly, how could he understand? How could he understand what it was like to have your heart smashed? To be ripped from the person you loved most in the area? My whole existence had lost meaning, and eternity had seemed impossible to bear. For weeks, I wouldnt go out or talk much to anybody. Id isolated myself, lost in my own grief. That was when Jerome had propel up his hands and demanded I snap out of it.And I had, kind of. Id swung the other way. Id suddenly become angry-so, so angry at the way life had treated me. Some of my misfortunes were my own fault. But Seth? I didnt hold out . I didnt know what had happened there, and I felt wronged by the world and the lifetimes of hurt it kept giving me. So, Id started acquiring back at it. Id stopped caring. Id thrown myself into full succubus mode pursuit out the most moral men I could, discriminateing their life, and breaking their police van with little remorse. It helped with the pain. Sometimes.Im doing what Im supposed to I yelled. Im scoring soul after soul. You have nothing to complain about.You have a bitchy attitude and keep picking fights with everyone-and you arent acquire better. Im tired of it. And Im tired of you.I froze, my enmity turning to pure fear. When a demon said he was tired of you, it frequently resulted in being recalled to Hell. Or being smote.Jerome I tried to assess my beaver strategy here. Charm? Contrition?He stepped away and took a deep, calming breath. It didnt help much. His anger came through loud and clear.Im displace you away. Im going to outsource you to someone. What ? My anger returned, get-up-and-go my fear away momentarily. Outsourcing was a ample insult to a succubus. You cant do that.I can do whatever I fucking want. You answer to me. A rangy guy turned down the hall, read/write head toward the restroom. Jerome fixed him with a piercing, terrifying look. The guy yelped and hastily headed back the other way. Theres an archdemon in Vancouver who wants someone to keep an eye on a cult he has an take in up there.Up there My mouth dropped open. You mean Vancouver, BC? Youre send me to Canada ? Fuck. I really had gone too far. There was also a Vancouver in Washington. That wouldnt have been so bad. At least I would have stayed domestic.Hed wanted a succubus since he only has one and couldnt spare her. Theyve got their work cut out for them up there, you know. I almost considered direct them Tawny. He made a impertinence at the mention of his recently acquired and very, very inept succubus. But, well, shes notoptimal. I hadnt wanted to give u p you either, but now I think itll be deserving missing my useful succubus for a while to get you out of my hair. I need some peace and quiet.Look, Jerome, I said, hoping I sounded penitent. What do you want me to do? Get another therapist? I can do that. Ill get a woman. An ugly one. And Ill try to lay off the attitude and-Thats my decision, Georgie. You need something to occupy you, and thisll make Cedric happy. He figures a succubus is the better choice to infiltrate his little devil-worshipping cult. daystar wor-what, you mean like, Satanists?Something like that.I stared. Canadian Satanists? Youre sending me to a group of Canadian Satanists?His only answer was a shrug.If this were natural event to anyone else, it would be hilarious, I said. But wherefore are you doing it? Since when do you help anyone-let alone another demon? Demons tended to be insanely competitive with each other.Again, Jerome didnt answer. He took out a cigarette-honestly, if he had his own, whyd he steal mine earlier?-and did the lighting magic trick again. He seemed a little less tense after taking a deep drag on it.Something else is going on, I said warily. Youre using me to use him. Whats this really about?Altruism, he said, axial rotation his eyes.JeromeGeorgina, he returned, eyes hard. You have no right to question this, not as much as youve pissed me off lately. Now go pack your things and swing out up on the metric system.

Is3220 Term Paper

1. Preface The contemporary initiate of thought in att finish intuition is currently dominated by the feel of serve-centric run (Lusch & adenine Vargo, 2008), whereby it is believed that the closure drug substance ab exploiters argon the de vergeinant of judge of a assumption helping and co-producing a suffice with the closure drug drug exploiters would enhance the pry of the aid. A main(prenominal) assumption made by this train of thought is that all(prenominal)(a) aspect of serve, from insane asylum to saving offset, is the domain of the helper suppliers.However, the issue of disruptive technologies much(prenominal) as the internet, hearty media, and so onhas reduced the operational barriers, empowering the completion drug exploiters to go bad work plyr themselves. This empowerment has lead to the base of what is kn take as drug drug user recalld go. Such run latently sway exception the complementary notion of benefit-centric se rvicings. Hence, in my term paper, I shall examine how user conveyd serve has affected the usefulness dynamic in the midst of the inspection and repair willrs and the end users, using the spry yell religious overhaul industriousness as a backdrop.Firstly, I would arrange what is simply is user generated benefit. Then, I result dispute to the highest degree user generated overhauls in the nimble prognosticate serve industry. close but not least, I would calculate how rambling ph bingle dish out providers grass leverage user generated function, regardless of the work sensory systeml that the helper providers adopt. 2. User generated function 2. 1 Background Contemporary helpers argon usually designed roughly integration within the scope of providers backing work at.However, advancement in data engineering has allowed for the exploitation of solutions that facilitates information replacement and collaboration between individuals. With the change m agnitude ease in information exchange and collaboration from multiple sources, the end user forthwith has the retrieve and capability to generate user-generated content (UGC) that suits their needs. But consequently, the rise in user-generated content generation has introduced the demand for more specialized helpings and processes that uses user-generated contents. This present a limitation for attend producers who power privation the ability or will to do so. . 2 Introduction Contrary to the ghost of its name, user generated operate are the ensue of re-composing actual swear out into newer form of attends by the end users, who world power execute no part in the trus dickensrthy gos that comprised the new usefulness. (Zhao & Laga & Crespi, 2009). Hence, instead of having a front microscope stage and back stage controlled by the gain providers (regardless the end users train of participation in the co- initiation of the renovation), end users, not the serv ice providers, serves as the main providers of the service 2. The unique taxonomies of user generated services a) Multi-tier service stage stupefy As mentioned, user generated services generally follows the principles of service story, where elemental services are integrated in concert to form a unique service offering. Figure 1 show the edition service process of a pen article into Russian language and the publication of the Russian language version of the article. However, the lowest intersection point is the result of engaging two in calculateent services from two contrary services provider, namely the article author and translation engine.Thus, user generated service follows a multi-tier services model that grant user the flexibility to choose their intermediaries. An avail is that user advise restructure the final service product without need to meddle the upriver parties service stage. Back peg enrolment article process Back re-create Translation process Articl e writer Translation Engine Front demonstrate Translation port Front peg Create Article flexure of visibleness Translation of Article Back Stage Translation of article into Russian Line of Interaction Front Stage create Translated ArticleFig 1. An example of the service configuration of a user generated service b) The presence of a Facilitating curriculum In user generated services, the user induction process is facilitated by means of a platform that allows them irritateion to unavoidable service enablers required to generate customized services. An example would be Yahoo Pipes, a platform that provides a GUI frontend for creating Web- ground apps that aggregates clear feeds, web pages. (Nikolaos & Vassilios & Konstantino, 2009). The fate of such a platform boils pig to two reasons.Firstly, it enables and ensures interoperability between the various services. Therefore, the user needs not worry about the compatibility of the services portions in the serv ice creation process. Secondly, it reduces the complexity of creating new services for the user, who might assume differing technical capabilities, as the carrying into action details are encapsulated by the platform. C) intercept user as the ultimate service value precedent The main value proposal of user generated is that the end user has the final say in creating the service, instead of being service consumers or co-creator.Correspondingly, the maestro service providers are reduced to a role of value co-creator or suppliers. This system of rules allows end users to customize the original service, hence enabling the service to serve this stem of end users which otherwise the original service would not have served 3. User generated services in the restless ear yell service industry For user generated services to exist, the ternary following conditions must be repleteled. Firstly, the industry must encourage the generation of UGC.Secondly, service providers should allow end user access to part of their service channel/process. Lastly, the creation process of UGS should be intuitive for the end users. With that, let us look at how user generated service fits into the planetary think service industry and or so forthcoming challenges that awaits user generated services in the officious phone service industry. a) Background of the runny phone service industry As recently as a hug drug ago, the services proposition of vigorous phone service providers was simple Providing trusty voice dialogue for its subscribers.However, sprightly acuteness rate is r for each oneing near hundred% in Asia-Pacific region as of 2010. Also, a hire done by egg cell Inc predicted that voice services tax incomes generated in the Asia-Pacific will drop to US$176 billion in 2015, from $US182 billion in 2009. The same study also projected that revenue from supple data services would increasing to US$133 billion in 2015 from $US84 million in 2009, thereby increasi ngly become the main revenue driver for lively phone service provider. hind end, 2007) Hence, agile phone service providers around the Asia-Pacific region are scrambling to displace their service proposition around access to the data content and electronic services (E. g SMS, web content, and internet banking services) to take advantage of the kindredly harvest in mobile data services revenues magical spell arresting the effects of the slowing growth in voice services revenues. In the drive to increase the percentage of revenue from data services, mobile service providers have tried facilitating and incorporating various service innovations, one of them being user generated service (UGS). ) The equal of UGS on the service dynamics of the mobile phone service industry The manner of User generated services in mobile phone service, made possible by the increased convergence of mobile phone and Web 2. 0 technology, are a reflection of the immensely popular collaborative and soc ial networking trends originating from the internet. Hence, USG has redefined the paradigm of some service innovation dimensions in mobile service industry i) Concept/Client Interface Traditional service-oriented service concepts embrace enhancing and extending the value proposition of a service by dint of value co-creation.For example, services like uploading and overlap of mobile phone made depiction makes it easy for user to share intuitive content, thus positioning the mobile phone as a lifestyle product instead of a mere communication device. However, user generated service allows end users to define their own service proposition and ultimately, their own service. For example, tourists in capital of Sin feastore could self set their own tour in Singapore by relying on a combination of mobile services such as Google map outs, Iris, Singapore Guide, etc without relying on the service provided by a tour operator i) sales pitch/Technology The traditional service configurat ion of service-oriented services is mainly shaped by the concept of service composition, whereby the service providers potful combine various per-defined service and technology to deliver a single customized service to its user through its channel. An example would be Google mobile, a mobile portal which generally offer the same range of services of its web counterpart. However, the service configuration and delivery is limited to comp any resources, strategy and well-grounded issues.Facilitating UGS overcomes the problem as the user now back tooth select the technologies that comprised of the services and chose the mode of service delivery, without the limitation of legality, economy of scale, etc. For example, the iPhone Yahoo Pipes allows property agents to integrate a classified listing service such as Craiglist mobile and a represent service such Google map to provide a service where user of iPhone can located an force field on the map provided by the service and select t he area to see what kind of property is listed for sales in the area and the mending of each of the property listed. ) Challenge of implementing and sustaining UGS in the mobile phone service industry despite the potential UGS can offer to the mobile phone service industry, UGS is still an acclivitous value proposition that still faces develop issues that could slower its ascent into a viable service model for the mobile phone service industry i) Difficulty in implementing User Generated advantages Regardless of any service philosophy, service value creation requires the value creator to have the necessary resources and competencies to create and deliver the values of the services.In the context of the mobile phone service industry, although more service providers have airfoil up access to essential resources like their act programming interface (API), the resources are more geared toward the traditional service providers (E. g Professional mobile application company) as int egrating the resource into alert service still requires technical experience (E. g Knowledge of Google map Api for an location based web service). Not all end user possesses the knowledge and expertness to customize and integrate the service into their subsisting services. i) Difficulty in Ensuring aid musical note The end users service providers are at the mercy of the providers of the service components as they do not have actual willpower of the service components that comprised of their customized services. For example, when service components (E. g Google act API) are modified at the proprietors (Google) end, mobile location based application which functionalities that depends on Google Map might not be delivered optimally or even be delivered at all as the functionalities might have depend on plastered features of the pre-modified Google API.Thus, end user has less control over the service quality of their service unlike their stately counterparts. 4. How to take adva ntage of user generated service From the prospective of existing service provider It is pretty certain that user generated services to be relevant in the mobile phone industry for the foreseen future. Thus, mobile service provider should evaluate their suitability in adopting the user generated services and adapt the model according to their strategy.Below are some suggestions that existing mobile service provider can adopt to take advantage of user generated service to drive their existing and future service offerings. i) Simplify the service generation process for the user As discussed earlier, not all end user possesses the necessary knowledge and expertise to customize and integrate a given service into their existing services. Moreover, it is very difficult to alter the actual user service generating process as service generating tools (MashMaker) aiming at user is still at its infancy and is not exactly user-centric.Instead leaving it to the user to generate their service, it would be better to modify the process by facilitating the service creation process. For example, the mobile service provider could provide a list of mobile services and help the client to mix and collar the services together to generate a service that is unique for them ii) Bridging the communication gap between the actual service creator and the end user Currently, mobile service providers engage their end user through indirect communication channel (E. customer relationship management system, user compose/tracking). Though such arrangements has given service providers valuable information on the end user, the information are often see by the service provider from the service providers point of view, thus leading to potential situations where the eventually service value proposition of the service does not match what the end users wants.This misalignment could drive end-users to drop the given service and replace the existing service component with another competing service. T o mitigate the possibility of such misalignment, the service should considering sponsoring a common platform where the end user service providers can directly communicate and contribute to the development of the various services that are the composition of the user often customized service charm giving the service provider a channel for them to influence the end users. . termination User generated services is certainly an elicit service proposition in the mobile phone service industry as it allows the end users to develop their own customized mobile services and in the process, serving them with the services they have created themselves It solve the problem of certain customer segments not being served as they might have requirements that the service providers cannot fulfil due to real life business constraints.However, the existing way of generating user generated service is too cumbersome and uncertain for it to be the golden standard of service delivery. Nevertheless, the serv ice provider should look beyond on the nose co-creating service values with the end users and instead, look at end user as strategic partner in a ecology that mutually sustain the integral hyper network of service-derived services. 6. References Abdallah Namoune, Usman Wajid, Nikolay Mahendjiev. Composition of Interactive Service-based Applications by End Users.ICSOC/ServiceWave Workshops, Stockholm, Sweden, 2009 Christian S. Jensen, Carmen Ruiz Vicente, Rico Wind, User-Generated mental object The Case for Mobile Services, Computer, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 116-118, Dec. 2008, John Delaney , User-generated content opportunities for wireless operators, Communicate, Vol 36, 2007. Retrieved from http//www. huawei. com/file/download. do? f=3056 Nikolaos Loutas, Vassilios Peristeras, Konstantinos A. Tarabanis, Rethinking the Semantic Annotation of Services. ICSOC/ServiceWave Workshops, Stockholm, Sweden, 2009 Robert F. Lusch, Stephen L. Vargo, G Wessels, Towards a Conceptual Foundation fo r Service Science Contributions from Service-Dominant Logic, IBM Systems Journal, Vol. 47, No. 1, 2008. Wai Kin schoolmaster Chan, Cheng Hsu , A Science of Scaling Service Hyper-Networks, Service Science, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2009. ZZ. Zhao, N. Laga, N. Crespi, A work Of User Generated Service, International assembly on Network Infrastructure and digital Content, Beijing, China, 2009.

'Help Wanted – How the Un Failed in Rwanda\r'

'Help Wanted World regime †POLS*1500 Word Count †1,562 Abstr carry: This stem aims to questions the joined Nations king to create and bear stay at bottom a coun humble. This physical composition will examine the extent of activeness that the UN commits when a dry land encounters internal conflict. feeling at the Rwanda genocide, the paper concludes that the UN is inefficient at creating and building stay. Help Wanted During the twentieth century the world entered into a peeled sphere of international relations. sore engineering science which led to force advancements evoked countries to act out contends that were unprecedented in erstwhile(prenominal) gene confines.When their was conflict in the midst of nations, it became easier to ca role close towards the other nation beca utilise of new ripe(p) technology, and accordingly the savagery of war was outlying(prenominal) worse. After World war furthere II, which m all call the most horrific war of the c entury, 51 countries came together and formed the unify Nations in 1945. This formation set standards for moral philosophy so that the world would non develop to experience the same brutality that they had confront during World War II. It encouraged cooperation and peace between countries. Henry Cabot Lodge junior causation American ambassador one time said that,â€Å"the primary, the fundamental, the es moveial purpose of the linked Nations is to keep peace. Everything it does which supports prevent World War III is good. Everything which does non pass on that goal, each directly or indirectly, is at trounce superfluous. ”1 The coupled Nations was an nerve who’s principle was to create an international philia of understanding and cooperation. Although this was a clear goal, this was a difficult task for the UN beca substance abuse it involved so umpteen different states and actors.The Rwanda genocide is an lawsuit of the unify Nations inability t o fulfill its goal. In the early 1990’s, the nation of Rwanda faced a ruthless internal conflict between ii races, the Tutsis and the Hutus. Although these two races had the same religion, culture, and language, they motto themselves as different because of past colonial influences that had ensued this society for decades. 2 Although mass putting to death were winning place in Rwanda, the UN did not intervene to the extent that was demanded.The unite Nations’ unreadable peacekeeping operation tactics, pretermit of resources, and involuntaryness to use force during the 1994 Rwanda racial extermination led to the savecher of over 800, 000 Rwandans and evoked disgrace towards the cheek that promised peace. The unfolding events of the Rwanda counterpoint had much to do with the hatred that Tutsis and Hutus felt for one another. It was viewed by some as a genocide, but the warrantor Council of the get together Nations had much faltering accepting that concl usion.In the Charter of the join Nations, it states in Chapter I, Article 2 that, â€Å" nothing contained in the present Charter shall sourceize the coupled Nations to intervene in matters which are basically in spite of appearance the domestic jurisdiction of any state”3. The UN desired that within a nation, the presidency should control its sedentary conflicts and the organization should not intervene with such matters. However, promoting and encouraging watch for human rights and fundamental freedoms is the UN’s important goal, and in that respectfore the organization should intervene in internal conflicts if they believe these rights are cosmos denied.This unclear practice caused the UN to get to decisions round intervening in the Rwanda conflict for it depended on the basis opinions of the trade protection Council instead of decisions establish on facts4. Because the definition of genocide could not be construed to an individual conflict, it was up to the Security Council and in that location underlying goals to come to a decision. As thousands of people were being kill based on their race, the UN unclear peacekeeping regulations held the organization back from acting. This was also seen when Mr.Waly Bacre Ndiaye, a Amnesty international representative, reported to the UN recommending â€Å"a series of steps to prevent moreover massacres” but the report seemed to be â€Å" doublely ignored by the key actors within the coupled Nations”5. By not winning into regard the opinions of firsthand witnesses of the genocide, the UN disregarded its employment to protect and build peace within this nation. These irresponsible peacekeeping tactics caused the organization to fail in their peaceful pursuits and in the long run led to the death of thousands. Without taking into onsideration Rwanda’s cultural instability and their need for support, the fall in Nations was therefore un victorful. As the conflict in Rwanda continued to progress to a tiny state, the UN did not seem to deplete the resources postulate to negate and keep the peace within the country. This has to do with the economic expense of peacekeeping. It is believe that â€Å"the projected cost of peacekeeping rose from some US $600 million in 1991 to an estimated US $2. 3 billion for 1993”6. States were unwilling to contribute more to the UN because they had other concerns that were high in national interest.The fall in Nations had to ration the support they gave to each cause and therefore the demanded assistance in a nation could not always be met. When the linked Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) was planning their morsel phase of their mission to create peace, there was â€Å"no estimate of the date of further deployment because the necessary additional resources had not been make available”7. Without the proper materials and supplies available to the linked Nations, the organizatio ns power to act was limited because of the escape of resources.It is believed that, â€Å"the predicament of the get together Nations is the mismatch of large responsibilities and few powers to fulfill them”8 This problem was seen in Rwanda Genocide. The United Nations had so many responsibilities to the world, and yet, the major actors in this organization did not know how to allocate their assistance. The UN’s lack of resources caused a halt in their ability to neutralize the conflict in Rwanda which allowed the massacres to continue, thus, the organization ultimately failed in its peacekeeping pursuits.The United Nations inability to secure peace in Rwanda had much to do with the organizations unwillingness to use soldiers force. When discussing the Rwanda Conflict, the Canadian Forces stated that, â€Å"in order to prevent or capture the crime of genocide, the necessary international… soldiery will [should hold in been] marshaled and mobilized”9 . Although the UN does not labor the use of military force, and have many steps of peacekeeping before employing this option, the brutality of the Rwanda Genocide could not have been terminate by means of negotiation.This was seen through the misadventure of The Arusha Accord. Although all the parties in Rwanda had signed this peace agreement, the negotiations created bitterness and power between the two groups of people which escalated the conflict10. During the UN’s decisions about the conflict, there seemed to be a â€Å"overriding consideration… to avoid entering into a chassis of action that might lead to the use of force and unanticipated repercussions”11. The UN was unwilling to address troops into Rwanda because of the unforeseen violence that was taking place.The outcry for help was tremendous, however, the conflict’s escalating tension and violence caused the organization to numerate its obligation to this cause. Once the United Nations cre ated a plan of action to be enforced in Rwanda, the â€Å"size of force was far to small to meet the assigned command within the increasingly tense conditions”12. though the United Nations was contributing to creating peace, it lacked the force that was ask. Lieutenant-General[->0] Dallaire â€Å"sent [UN] Headquarters a draft of Rules of involution… pecifically allowing the mission to act, and even to use force, in response to crimes against humanity and other abuses”13 Headquarters, however, never responded. The fear of the repercussions and losses collectable to implementing military force in Rwanda caused the violence to continue. Peace could only be utilize in Rwanda if the United Nations used military forces as power. Karl Maier a German author stated that, â€Å"in Rwanda, one persons immortal is another persons Satan”14. The peace needed in the nation would only be achieved by using force and ascendent the violence to stop.The UN’ s unwillingness to pull up stakes the military forces that were demanded allowed the Rwanda massacres to continue and therefore illustrates the United Nations failure during this conflict. The United Nations failure to engage peace to Rwanda was due to the organizations unclear peacekeeping tactics, lack of resources and unwillingness to use military force. This conflict caused many deaths that could have been avoided if the UN had use the proper plans and created clear, logical tactics.Although the events are tragic, the United Nations â€Å"had much to learn, and many adjustments needed to make in applying [peace] in the future”15. The former Secretariat of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, has given globe apologizes and leading actors in the Security Council including former American president Bill Clinton, have expressed their regret to act during the Rwanda genocide. The UN has conducted inquiries to try to understand how a conflict of this magnitude could occur with out the United Nations having the ability to neutralize the situation. By understanding the causes, the hope is that annals will not repeat itself.The United Nations has taken responsibility for their failure to furnish peace within Rwanda. This has led to the organizations credibility to grow in recent historic period through their work internationally to help build and keep the peace. Although the United Nations did not provide peace in Rwanda, they have had a tremendous affect on the cooperation between different countries. If this international organization can create clear procedures of how to tell apart with, and when to intervene in internal problems, the United Nations will have more success in their pursuits. Footnotes 1. Henry Cabot Lodge younger Quotes,” Think Exist, November 2, 2011, http://thinkexist. com/quotation/the_primary-the_fundamental-the_essential_purpose/344191. html 2. Dixon Kamukama, Rwanda Conflict: Its Roots and regional Implications heartbeat Edition, (Kampala, Uganda: super acid Publishers Ltd. , 1997), 3-4. 3. â€Å"Purpose and Principles,” in The Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the external Court of Justice, ed, United Nations (San Francisco, 1945) 3. 4. Michael Barnett, Eyewitness to Genocide: The United Nations and Rwanda, (New York: Cornell University Press, 2003), 2. . United Nations, â€Å"Rwanda Genocide and UN’s Contribution”, (Security Council Inquiry, 1999), 7. 6. Neil Riemer, International Peace and Security: The Cost of Waging Peace, (USA: Praeger Publishers, 2000) 63. 7. mob S. Sutterlin, The United Nations and the guardianship of International Security: a repugn to be Met, Second Edition, (New York: Greenwood print sort Inc. , 2003) 75. 8. Mariano Aguirre, â€Å"Power and problem in the United Nations,” in brusk Democracy (November 2006): accessed October 31, 2011; www. pendemocracy. net/globalization-institutions_government/un_paradox_4073. jsp[->1] 9. â€Å"Learning From the Rwandan Genocide of 1994,” National Defense and the Canadian Forces, November 6, 2011, http://www. journal. dnd. ca/vo6/no2/human-humain-eng. asp 10. Dixon Kamukama, Rwanda Conflict: Its Roots and Regional Implications Second Edition, (Kampala, Uganda: Fountain Publishers Ltd. , 1997), 27-30. 11. United Nations, â€Å"Rwanda Genocide and UN’s Contribution”, (Security Council Inquiry, 1999), 11. 12. James S.Sutterlin, The United Nations and the Maintenance of International Security: a Challenge to be Met, Second Edition, (New York: Greenwood Publishing Group Inc. , 2003) 74. 13. United Nations, â€Å"Rwanda Genocide and UN’s Contribution”, (Security Council Inquiry, 1999), 9. 14. Karl Maier, Into the House of the Ancestors: Inside the New Africa, (San Francisco:John Wiley, 1998), 273. 15. James S. Sutterlin, The United Nations and the Maintenance of International Security: a Challenge to be Met, Second Edition, (New York: Gr eenwood Publishing Group Inc. , 2003) 77.\r\n'

'Book Summary: the Bible Among the Myths by John N. Oswalt Essay\r'

'John Oswalt, in his obligate The record Among the Myths, presents his position to the endorser that the intelligence is contrastive and signalize from former(a)(a) writings of the antediluvian arise eastern. He asserts the script is ab start(prenominal) historic bothy dead on target and theologically sound. He makes the defense the tidings was divinely exalt and revealed to benevolence and bizarre(p) from former(a) quaint darling eastward writings. t here(predicate) was a time when the pass forge, and the Israelite religion was contrary from its neighboring societies. But as times fork over changed, m each batch now s salubrio apply the bible with other old-fashioned rise easternmost legends.\r\nThe book is broken up into two sections. The starting signal half of the book, â€Å"The record and Myth,” Oswalt interests the time to define what a invention is and what unlikeiates the script from a allegory. He consequently different iates the different amongst the manview of the antediluvian Near East and continuity is different from the Bible’s transcendence. The due south half of the book, â€Å"The Bible and Hi allegory,” examines several philosophical persuasions proposed by others that commence to explain the Bible’s relevance go against from historic validity. Oswalt provides excellent arguments against the bran-new age philosophies. Oswalt provides an articulate argument for the verity of the Bible’s news report and theology by providing several convincing points to advance the Bibles varicity.\r\nIntroduction\r\nJohn N. Oswalt, in his book The Bible Among the Myths, provides the lector with a design, heretofore comprehensive view of the variances and similarities amongst the grey-headed testament and Ancient Near East religions. In the introduction, he provides a brief overview of scholarly thought regarding the Old volition belles-lettres and Ancient N ear East literature and how perspectives stir changed in whatsoever 50 years. Oswalt states at the time he was introduced to the able, scholars conceived the Old Testament and its theology stood solely from other Ancient Near East religions. He now contends that present day scholars believe the Old Testament is moreover wholeness of m any Ancient Near East religions.\r\nOswalt states it was the differences between the Old Testament and other Ancient Near that quarantined the two. But immediately, scholars ar ta faggot the corresponding data and researching their similarities (11-13). He states that this is a â€Å"vital philosophical distinction between â€Å" content” and â€Å"accident.”” â€Å"Essence” has to do with the essence of the subject whereas â€Å"accident” is those affaires that argon non essential to the subject (13). He insinuates that scholars of today argon childs play their attention on the â€Å"accidental” attri andes of the Old Testament and Ancient Near East religions and not nubbleing on those occasions that ar the essence of the subject; those things that make the religions different.\r\nIt is these similarities and differences Oswalt states he will center his attention (14). Oswalt thence turns the attention of the reader to the interpretation of a myth. He states in that location atomic number 18 different renderings of a myth but the Bible is not iodine of them. He states when passel start to come back of this word as â€Å"typical of a myth,” then four things happen: 1) The soulfulness is devalued; 2) There composes a neutrality in muniment; 3) People become open to the occult; and 4) People do not ingest responsibility for their actions (14). Oswalt believes what makes the difference between the Old Testament (OT) and the Ancient Near East (unitary) literature is how beau ideal makes himself-importance divinely cognise to his hoi polloi.\r\nThe next stick in Oswalt boldly states is that if we believe in leger theologically, then we can withal believe that the Bible is historically true. He states, â€Å"the veracity of the theological claims of the OT is inseparable from the veracity of the historical claims” (16). The Bible withstands a â€Å"unique orbview” and is ace that has been revealed by perfection to his people, Israel. He states on that point atomic number 18 things we moldiness wrestle with when it comes to probe the Bible historically from its theological al-Qaida but the Bible can refer its claim to be theologically and historically viable.\r\nChapter 1\r\nChapters one with and through louver discuss the differences and similarities of the Bible compargond to one literature. The presumptuousness of chapter one is the Bible has had a major bear upon on the world, especially with its contributions to Grecian philosophical system and thought. classic philosophers believed in that lo cation was one â€Å" unite dominion in the public” (21) and that everything could be identified and reasoned with through logic. As Oswalt states, this brought into conflict the thought of a myth based polytheistic ordinanceing to a monotheistic mindset.\r\nOswalt states that the Hebraical thought survived through the exilic period in Assyria and Babylon even though they were in conduce conflict with the societies in which they were captive. Israel brought into these societies the thought that at that mall was sole(prenominal) one theology and He was the creator of the world and humankindity. In addition, Oswalt states the Israelites brought the unique ideas that beau ideal was not dependent upon munificence but himself and that divinity fudge revealed himself to bounty and gave them peculiar(prenominal) intelligences of what he expected from his people.\r\nIt was only by God’s design that the people of Israel were able to aver their religion in a fo reign land. Greek and Hebraical thoughts combined into a complementary face-to-face manner of idea about the universe and the world. The Hebrew religion of one creator who created the world found a place in the Greek philosophy of a unifying principle to the universe. On the other hand, Greek philosophy could combine itself by to Hebrew ideas by linking the cause and effect of the world (26). Oswalt states that in that respect was a necessity for the scriptural worldview. Without it liking itself with the Greek philosophy, we would not run through a need for reason, understand the brilliance of history and have value of the case-by-case (27).\r\nChapter 2\r\nOswalt, in chapter two, attempts to define the word myth but prior to his discourse, he revisits the divergence of scholars departure from believing in the OT as a separate human base of literature from all other ANE mythological literature to being primed(p) in the mix of ANE literature as mythology.\r\nOswalt con tends the job of delineate a myth is challenging especially in a climate the Bible is being placed with other ANE literature. He states in that location argon two definitional problems. The foremost problem has to do with the definitions of myth. He states in that location has been a breakdown in providing an veracious definition. The other problem has to do with the definition itself. It may not accurately severalise the members of a class (32).\r\nTwo uncomplicated definitions atomic number 18 provided for the reader. The first is the historical-philosophical definition which attempts to â€Å"describe how the myth operates in society” (40). Subdivisions of the historical-philosophical definition ar the etymological, the sociological-theological and the literary. The indorse is the phenomenological. Etymological definition attempts to identify the false genius of an yield or story. The sociological-theological definition is a track of story in which conveys so me(prenominal) legality about the world.\r\nLiterary definition of a myth is the yarn attempts to use the ejaculate of symbolism to convey truth or meaning (33-39). The phenomenological definition regarding a myth is to nip at the common characteristics of the story and how it relates to the society. Oswalt states that all these definitions have a park of continuity. No matter their specify variations, they are co-ordinated. Oswalt states, â€Å"Continuity is a philosophical principle that asserts that all things are continuous with to apiece one other” (43). Myths are to have a common approach to the world (45).\r\nChapter 3\r\nThe idea of continuity in myths is go on and expended in chapter three. Continuity can offend be defined as all pieces of a myth are interrelated physically and spiritually, in a throwaway motion, to each other. In a story, in that location are no distinctions between humanity, personality and the divine. This too includes the thought of pantheism, â€Å"the divine is everything and everything is divine” (49). The problem with this is that in that location are no absolutes, and people and temper are friction match to god.\r\nOswalt state, in that location are a tour of â€Å"far-reaching implications” with regard to continuity. The first is that myths only look at the here and now, the present, and keeping things as status quo. Myths are not in enkindle in the future or moving forward. Second, myths do not look at the booking of humanity and the choices they made. Third, myths also perpetuate the actualization of a â€Å" un passing reality.” Maintenance of the system is needed. This is accomplished through sexual relations in inning to go on fertility of the earth and keep creatures as well as do other ritualistic acts in order to ensure the gods and goddesses maintain the cycle of fertility. Fourth, temperament is used as an important â€Å" reflexion of the divine.” The gods were personified in nature. Fifth, mythology used antic in order to accomplish something in nature or in the divine realm. Finally, because of this continuity, there are no boundaries which cause a blurring of the indispensable, human and divine (44-56).\r\nOnce both sides of continuity are explained, Oswald provides what he believes are common features of myths. There are endlessly elements of polytheism. There are multiple gods. Gods are unendingly represented by some natural element such as wood, stone or other natural element. The gods are not multidimensional and are stereotyped. The gods are not valued nor are humans. The gods are appeased by certain acts and humans are subject to the gods. There is always an element of conflict in the myth either with the gods or other human conflict. Eternity, both before and after the phaseation of the world, was and is chaotic. Because humanity is at the whim of the gods, there is no standard of ethic. Finally, the cycle of l ifetime is cyclical. Oswalt states that the cycle goes from â€Å"non creation to dependence to freedom to dependence to nonexistence” (57-61)\r\nChapter 4\r\nscriptural transcendence and the transcendence of God are the major themes of chapter four. While chapter three refer on the identifying factors of what constitutes a myth, Oswalt provides several bring up elements that make the Bible, especially the God of the Bible, funny and exceptionally different from other ANE mythological literature and religions. As mentioned before, there is only one godly reference book of the OT (64). God who is spirit is separate from his creation and cannot be created in any form (65). Once created, the conflict ended with created order both in heaven and on earth (67). God created man in his image and therefore gave him importance by being in his homogeneousness (69).\r\nOswalt fire notes that God is â€Å"supra-sexual.” meat, God is not know by his sexual identity but his r oles. In addition, creation is not enjoin by sexual activity (73). God in all his activities can be relied upon to do all that he say he would do and not crook as those gods of myths. God prohibited magic was as a method of manipulating Him into some type of action (75). The final element is in regard to the Sinai concordat God made with the people of Israel. They were obligated to racy a certain lifestyle whereas there were no restrictions for the other who lived outside of the arrangement (76).\r\nComparing and contrasting the biblical worldview from those of a mythological perspective provides some understanding of how radically different and distinctive they are from each other. Transcendence verses continuity; God is above all and separate from the universe, nature and humanity. God interacts with humanity through his covenant birth.\r\nChapter 5\r\nOswalt continues his discussion between the differences between the Bible and mythology however he looks at it in light of their similarities. Before he does looks at those similarities, however, Oswalt digs deeper into the ethic as it relates to human relationships with God and man. He states that there are two offences, which are offenses against the gods and offences against other people (85). The mythic ethic, offences against the gods in literature were â€Å"cultic or magical” where offences against people were against society, (85-86). Oswalt points out offences against the gods had nothing to do with their treatment of each other. The biblical ethic was something different, more wholistic.\r\n port on every level, social and personal was out of obedience in the covenantal relationship with God (88). God and his relationship with the covenantal people keep the same standard. The author provides a few examples where it would seem as though the Bible is a similar to myth. He provides examples of the creation story in coevals and in Psalms to point some similarities in the Enuma Elish (Bab ylonian creation distinguish) and other literature. Oswalt acknowledges that similarities and disputes them as something the Bible took from mythos but that they were similar practices not intended to make the Bible like other biblical literature as overmuch as identifying the differences that stood apart from other literature.\r\nChapter 6\r\nChapter six marks the second half of the book as it discusses history and the Bible. Like before in the attempts of defining myth, Oswalt attempts to accurately define history. He defined history, in summary, as a report that records events which is record for â€Å"human self-knowledge” and used as a means of evaluation in order to capture important events. tally to Oswalt, there are several factors that are dependent upon when understand history. The first thing is that people are â€Å"free and responsible.” The second item is that there are causes and personal effects in everything that happens. The enter information mu st be true is the third element. The 4th key is history can be used as a acquire tool for other to grow. Fifth thing is that what happened yesterday is just as germane(predicate) today and that there is significance in their â€Å"relationships.” Finally, there must be a standard in which the information is evaluated (113-115).\r\nThere are several ways ancient people of the Near East recorded events of their lives. They are omen texts, king lists, period formulae, epics, royal annals, and chronicles. Omens were documents that contained something that predicted the good or fearful of an event or circumstance. The kings’ lists contained the genealogy of the names and duration of the kings in power. Date formulae contained the each year accomplishments of the kings. Epics were a tale of events in a hero’s life which essay to convey life’s philosophy. olympian annals were recorded events of a king and existed to â€Å"glorify the king” not s o much to accurately chronicle what genuinely happened. Chronicles were recordings of what actually happened, both positive and negative. They are about as accurate a historical record then the rest. In all, they were specific in the information they contained (116-122).\r\n inappropriate our historians today or even the historical view of the Bible, the peoples of the ANE perspective was different than ours today. They were generally focused on the here and now and not future orientated. Their orientation included making sure they maintained the status quo in order to maintain the good in their lives. The best for everyone was to maintain the order of their society. They believed that everything was outside their control with a multiciplicity of causes de landmarkining their fate. This provides reasons why they were not interested in recording for the future and interested about seeing the relationships of the events that took place in their lives.\r\nThe Bible, on the other hand , provides a different perspective. As Oswalt states, â€Å"They [characteristics of the Bible] are clearly presented to us as unique individuals, firmly grow in time and space” (125). The events which took place were recorded whether they were positive or negative. The events were recorded showing the interrelationships between the events and persons as well as showing the results of human choices and the impact those choices had on the lives of those people. The Bible connects all the pieces in concert in a way that transcends â€Å"the events themselves” by showing the divine interaction with humanity (127). Oswalt asks the header how then could the Israelite nation be different without myth. He indicates it is because there was only one God who unploughed â€Å" severance into their experiencing and smashing their easy interpretations” (134). God kept involving himself in their lives and these events were recorded.\r\nChapter 7\r\nChapter septet unpacks Oswalt’s position that the Bible is historically accurate and theologically sound. Oswalt debunks the idea that history must be recorded without divine involvement in order for it to be historically accurate. In fact, he indicates that is what differentiates the Bible from any other work (138-139). The author states that it is the unique working of God in the lives of people to reveal his divine purposes, which is nowhere else in any literature other than the Bible (142). It is what he calls â€Å" apocalypse through Human-Historical have it away” (149).\r\nGod revealed himself and was divinely involved in the lives of the Israelites. Oswalt notes that he Bible did not â€Å"ramose between revelation and witness to revelation” (140). The author goes on to state that if we fail to acknowledge God in the history then how can we accept the â€Å"acts” of God presented in the literature. There is also the question of how can God be known if we take him out o f the equation. Although many maintain that one cannot have an accurate account of history with God. Owalt maintains that without God there cannot be an accurate history without God. Israel had a different and unique perspective of God in literature.\r\nChapter 8\r\nChapter eight is an extension of chapter seven although Oswalt moves forward on his conviction that the Bible is both historically accurate and theologically applicable. He critically reviews two fashionable scholars’ works that have attempted to separate history from the Bible. The first is Rudolf Bultmann’s existentialist asylum and the other is Alfred North whitehead’s Process Thought. The Existentialist Foundation is the way one sees self relevant to history. As Oswalt explains, â€Å"Instead of seeing the self as an entity shaped by history and a human â€Å"nature,” this way of thinking sees â€Å"existence as the most vestigial aspect of historic consciousness” (156). Oswa lt states there are several problems with this philosophy; the first major issue is the use of the term â€Å"history.” He says that the term must be narrowed even further.\r\nHe introduces the reader to the separation of the â€Å" yarn Geschichte from the event Historie. Geschichte is what is â€Å"going on and is in the eye socket of the theologian.” Meaning what is in the narrative of the story. Historie defines â€Å"what happened and is in the domain of the historian” (157). Historie centers upon what is the event that is actually occurrence in the story. Oswalt identifies several flaws with the Existentialist philosophy but the major ones are, 1) God is upstage from the process; and, 2) The historical narrative excludes the departed there is no acceptance of any standard of evaluation or mouthful of past events.\r\nProcess Thought is seeks to take the events of the Bible and create together the events that take place into a new event. The events are i ntegrated of the past, present and future. It is interested in the event not so much the substance. This too has its faults, one being that it also removes the transcendence of God in the narrative (167).\r\nChapter 9\r\nOswalt provides election views concerning the biblical worldview in chapter nine. He maintains his stand that the biblical narrative has not changed but thoughts about it have and the biblical narrative is different than other mythological narratives. The author provides four alternatives concerning the biblical narrative.\r\nThe first alternative is from John forefront Seters. Seters stand is that several documents were pieced together and then priests rewrote what we now have today. The document was a work by someone using works similar to Thucydides and Herodotus. The second alternative is from Frank Cross. Cross work asserts that the bible came out of rewriting a poetic epic. The third alternative is from William Dever. Dever does deny archaeological evidence of biblical history nor does he believe in the bible’s â€Å"religious explanation of Israel’s existence and nature” (178). Dever stand is Israel’s religion was no different than that of the Canaanite religion until after the exile and the religion has been inaccurately perceived. The quaternate alternative is from Mark Smith. Smith suggests that Israel’s religion originated from the polytheistic religion of the Canaanites (181). Oswalt argues that not one of these alternative thoughts of the biblical narrative has proved the unique nature of the Bible.\r\nChapter 10\r\nChapter 10 concludes the book by summarizing Oswalt’s main points he expressed end-to-end the book. The bible is both historically accurate and theologically sound. The Bible is unique and separate from myth literature but their similarities should not stand in the way of perceiving it as different. What makes it markedly different is that a exceeding God come to involve h im into the lives of humanity is radically different means than\r\nthat of the other cultures which overrode the continuity of myths.\r\n'